Who answers for the sender in Canada
FINTRAC, the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada, treats remitting or transmitting funds for others as a money services business, whether the money moves through an electronic funds transfer network or an informal method such as hawala or hundi, and such a business must register with FINTRAC before it begins to operate. FINTRAC's Money Services Business Registry is public and lists each business with its registration number and status, whether registered, expired, ceased or revoked. FINTRAC's guidance for people using a money services business is careful about what that status means: operating unregistered is an offence, but registration does not mean FINTRAC endorses or licenses the business, and FINTRAC cannot help you recover funds if a transfer goes wrong. It also warns that it will never contact members of the public to ask for financial or personal information, a point worth remembering when a caller claims to be from the regulator.
Why larger transfers draw questions
Some transfers on this route are large, for property, education or a family event, and size brings a reporting rule into play. FINTRAC's guidance on electronic funds transfer reports requires banks, money services businesses and other reporting entities to report any international transfer of C$10,000 or more. Under its 24-hour rule, two or more transfers that together reach C$10,000 within a 24-hour window must also be reported when the business knows they share the same sender, third party or beneficiary. The report is the business's obligation rather than a charge on you, but it explains why a provider may ask about the source and purpose of the money, and why splitting a payment into smaller pieces does not take it outside the rules.
How the money reaches a bank in India
When the money is paid into an Indian bank account, funds that arrive at one Indian bank can be passed on to the recipient's account at another bank through domestic systems such as NEFT or IMPS, as the Reserve Bank of India notes in its FAQ on the Rupee Drawing Arrangement. The RBI's NEFT FAQ lists inward foreign exchange remittances among the payments NEFT carries, says the system runs round the clock every day of the year, and says the beneficiary's account can be expected to be credited within two hours of batch settlement. Weekends and Indian bank holidays need not hold up that last leg, though they can still affect the provider's own processing.
If you are an Indian citizen or of Indian origin sending to yourself, the account type matters. The RBI's FAQ on accounts held by non-residents says a Non-Resident External account accepts remittances from abroad and is fully repatriable, while balances in a Non-Resident Ordinary account can be sent abroad only up to USD 1 million per financial year.
Reading the table
Each row starts from C$1,000 and shows the rupees that arrive after the provider's fee and its exchange rate, measured against the mid-market rate. The price history follows the same figure daily, so a provider that looks strong on one day can be checked against its record over weeks.