A lower nil band, and a supplement on the whole price
Scotland replaced stamp duty with Land and Buildings Transaction Tax in April 2015, and Revenue Scotland collects it rather than HMRC. The bands are marginal, like England's, but the nil band stops at 145,000 and the 10% and 12% rates start much earlier, at 325,000 and 750,000, so a family home in Edinburgh can pay noticeably more than the same price in Leeds.
A first-time buyer gets a nil band of 175,000 instead of 145,000. That is worth at most 600, because it only moves 30,000 of the price out of the 2% band, and unlike England's relief it does not stop above a price cap.
The Additional Dwelling Supplement is where Scotland differs most. Since 5 December 2024 it is 8% of the whole price, not of a slice, on any home of 40,000 or more bought by someone who will own more than one. On a 290,000 flat that is 23,200 on top of 4,100 of LBTT. If you are replacing your main home and sell the old one within 36 months of buying the new one, you can claim the supplement back from Revenue Scotland.
The return and the tax are due within 30 days of the effective date, usually settlement, and your solicitor files them.