Skip to content
CentExact

Retirement

How pension tax relief works: limits, top-ups and the real cost

Why one contribution costs a basic-rate and a higher-rate taxpayer different sums, how each limit works, and what employers and governments add.

Reviewed by CentExactRates effective 45 sourcesCalculated in your browser. Shared links include inputs.

How the result is calculated

Every retirement scheme in this calculator answers the same three questions differently. When does the contribution meet the tax system: before income tax, before social contributions as well, as a deduction on your return, or not at all? How much may go in each year before the relief stops? And who else adds money: an employer, a government, a provider claiming relief on your behalf?

cost to youtake-home(without) − take-home(with) + paid from taxed pay − claims

reliefyour contribution − cost to you

pot at retirementmonthly contributions grown at (1 + return)1/12 − 1 for every month to retirement

take-home(without)
a year's pay after tax and contributions with nothing paid into the scheme
take-home(with)
the same year with the contribution entered as the scheme takes it: from gross pay, as converted pay, or as a deduction from taxable income
paid from taxed pay
anything that leaves your bank account rather than your payslip, such as an IRA, a PER or a lijfrente premium
claims
relief you collect after the year, a higher-rate claim or a deficit credit
The relief is never a rate typed into the calculator. It is the difference the country's own tax rules make, so a contribution that crosses a band edge or a credit's taper is valued correctly.

The limit decides how much of the contribution earns relief. American 401(k) deferrals above $24,500, iDeCo contributions above the monthly limit and TFSA deposits above $7,000 are not allowed at all, so the calculator cuts the contribution back to the limit. Elsewhere the law lets you pay more but relieves only the part inside the limit: an RRSP beyond 18% of earnings, a PER beyond 10% of net taxable income, an Irish contribution beyond your age band. That excess is treated as paid from taxed pay.

Worked example

Worked exampleThe calculator's opening figures: $75,000, a 6% traditional 401(k) and a 3% match
ItemAmountHow it is obtained
Your deferral$4,5006% of $75,000, inside the $24,500 limit
Federal income tax saved$990taxable income falls from $58,900 at the 22% bracket
Social Security and Medicare saved$0FICA is charged on the deferral all the same
What it costs you$3,510take-home pay falls from $61,592.50 to $58,082.50
Employer match$2,2503% of salary
Into the 401(k) in the year$6,750about $767,550 at 67 after 32 years at 7%

Try it with these figures

Worked exampleBritain, relief at source: 10% of a £70,000 salary for a higher-rate taxpayer
ItemAmountHow it is obtained
Gross contribution£7,000what the payslip calls 10%
Paid from your pay£5,60080% of it
Added by the provider£1,40020% basic-rate relief claimed from HMRC
Claimed on your tax return£1,400the extra 20% for income taxed at 40%
Employer contribution£2,1003% of salary
What it costs you£4,20060p for each pound of your own contribution

Try it with these figures

Worked exampleAustralia, salary sacrifice: $5,000 from a $100,000 salary
ItemAmountHow it is obtained
Income tax saved$1,500the 30% bracket
Medicare levy saved$1002% of the sacrificed salary
What it costs you$3,400of a $5,000 sacrifice
Super guarantee$12,00012% of salary, paid by the employer
Contributions tax−$2,55015% of the $17,000 of concessional contributions
Into super in the year$14,450$20,500 of the $32,500 cap left for you

Try it with these figures

Reading the result

The headline is the cost to you: how much less you have to spend in the year because of the contribution. Under it, the relief appears as a share of your contribution, which is roughly your marginal rate where relief is given at your top rate and something else where it is not: a flat 30% in Finland, nothing in New Zealand or Sri Lanka. The table follows the money in order, from your contribution through the relief to what reaches the pension, so each line can be checked against a payslip or a statement. The limit sits in its own line with the room left for you, and the chart shows how much of the final balance is money paid in and how much is growth.

What changes the result

Your tax rate

Relief given at the marginal rate is worth more the more you earn: 20% or 40% in Britain and Ireland, 22% or 24% on most American middle incomes, 30% or more in Australia above $45,000. A contribution that pulls income back below a threshold can be worth more than the headline rate, such as the £100,000 point where Britain's personal allowance starts to taper.

Whether social contributions are saved too

Salary sacrifice in Britain and Entgeltumwandlung in Germany take the money out of pay before social contributions, so the saving adds National Insurance or Sozialversicherung to the tax. A net pay arrangement, an RRSP or iDeCo saves income tax only. Germany's social saving also lowers the statutory pension you earn, which the calculator notes rather than prices.

What others add

Australia's 12% guarantee, New Zealand's 3.5% employer contribution and 25 cents a dollar from the government, Sri Lanka's 12% EPF and 3% ETF, Germany's 15% subsidy on converted pay and Ireland's State top-up under MyFutureFund all count towards the pot. Some are taxed on the way in: Australia's 15% contributions tax and New Zealand's employer contribution tax come off before the money is invested.

The regime you are in

India's new regime relieves neither your own NPS contribution nor voluntary provident fund contributions, while the old regime allows up to 50,000 under section 124(3) and the 1.5 lakh of section 123. The same rupee costs a different amount under each.

What is not included

  • Tax on withdrawal. Most schemes tax the money as income when it comes out; Roth accounts, TFSAs, NISA and Australian super after 60 do not.
  • Carry-forward. Unused allowance from earlier years in Britain, Australia, Canada, France and the Netherlands raises the limit for some people.
  • Fees and inflation. The return you enter should be after fees, and the pot is shown in money of the day.
  • Defined benefit schemes. Final salary and career average pensions are measured differently and are outside this calculator.

Using the result

Compare the cost to you, not the contribution, when deciding how much you can afford: a higher-rate taxpayer can put in a pound for 60p. Check the room left under the limit before a large one-off contribution, especially where the employer's money counts against it. Where your country offers both a relieved scheme and a tax-free one, run both with the same figures; the cheaper one today is not always the better one if your tax rate in retirement will be the same or higher.

Questions and answers

Short answers to the questions people bring to this calculator, each with the figures to try and, where one exists, the official source to check.

The contribution less the tax it saves. Someone paying 20% income tax who puts 1,000 into a pension before tax gives up 800 of take-home pay; at 40% it is 600. Where the contribution also escapes social contributions, through salary sacrifice in Britain or Entgeltumwandlung in Germany, the cost falls further. The calculator finds the saving by working out your take-home pay with and without the contribution under your country's tax rules.

Data sources

Every rate, threshold and index the calculator uses is read from a dataset that records where it came from and when it applies. The list below is that record.

  1. United States: 401(k) and IRA contribution limits, 2026

    IRS Notice 2025-67: 2026 limits for retirement plans; IRS IR-2025-111: 401(k) limit increases to $24,500 for 2026, IRA limit to $7,500; IRS: Retirement topics, catch-up contributions; IRS Publication 590-A: Contributions to IRAs.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    From 2026 a participant whose 2025 FICA wages from the plan sponsor exceeded $150,000 must make any catch-up contributions as Roth contributions (section 414(v)(7)); the calculator notes this rather than modelling it. The section 415(c) limit on all contributions to a plan, employee and employer together, is $72,000.

    How we checked these figures

    Limits read from Notice 2025-67 and IR-2025-111. The phase-out reduction follows the worksheet in Publication 590-A: the limit is reduced in proportion, rounded up to the next $10, and a reduced limit above zero but below $200 is raised to $200.

  2. United Kingdom: pension tax relief and the annual allowance, 2026-27

    GOV.UK: Pension schemes rates and allowances; GOV.UK: Tax on your private pension contributions, tax relief; GOV.UK: Tax on your private pension, annual allowance; GOV.UK: Workplace pensions, what you, your employer and the government pay; GOV.UK: Changes to salary sacrifice for pensions from April 2029.

    Effective 6 April 2026 to 5 April 2027. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Auto-enrolment minimums for 2026-27: 8% of qualifying earnings in total, at least 3% from the employer, on earnings between 6,240 and 50,270, for workers earning over 10,000. From 6 April 2029 only the first 2,000 a year of salary-sacrificed pension contributions will be free of National Insurance; the calculator uses the rules for 2026-27.

    How we checked these figures

    Allowances read from the GOV.UK rates page. The relief at source higher-rate claim is worked as the income tax the contribution would save under a net pay arrangement, less the 20% the provider has already claimed, which is how extending the basic rate band works out for a taxpayer in England, Wales or Northern Ireland.

  3. Germany: Entgeltumwandlung limits for a Betriebsrente, 2026

    Deutsche Rentenversicherung: Werte der Rentenversicherung 2026; § 3 Nr. 63 EStG; § 1 SvEV; § 1a BetrAVG: Anspruch auf betriebliche Altersversorgung durch Entgeltumwandlung.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The 2026 contribution ceiling of the statutory pension insurance is 8,450 a month, 101,400 a year, the same in every Land. Converted pay is free of Lohnsteuer up to 8% of it (8,112) and of social contributions up to 4% (4,056), and you have a legal right to convert up to 4%. Converting pay lowers the statutory pension you earn, because less pay is insured. The Zweites Betriebsrentenstärkungsgesetz of January 2026 leaves these limits unchanged for 2026.

    How we checked these figures

    Ceiling read from the Deutsche Rentenversicherung; the 8%, 4% and 15% rules read in the statutes. The BRSG II dates come from secondary sources and were not checked against the Bundesgesetzblatt.

  4. Canada: RRSP deduction limit and TFSA limit, 2026

    Canada Revenue Agency: MP, DB, RRSP, DPSP, ALDA, TFSA limits, YMPE and the YAMPE; Canada Revenue Agency: How contributions affect your RRSP deduction limit; Canada Revenue Agency: Tax-free savings account.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Your own RRSP deduction limit is 18% of the previous year's earned income up to the dollar limit, less any pension adjustment from a workplace plan, plus unused room carried forward; it is printed on your notice of assessment. The calculator takes this year's salary as last year's earned income and assumes no pension adjustment or carried-forward room.

    How we checked these figures

    2026 RRSP dollar limit (33,810) and TFSA limit (7,000) read from the CRA limits page. The 18% rule is the CRA's standing rule and was not re-read on this review.

  5. Australia: superannuation contribution caps and tax, 2026-27

    ATO: Contributions caps; ATO: Super guarantee; ATO: Division 293 tax; ATO: Concessional contributions.

    Effective 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The guarantee is not paid on earnings above the maximum contribution base, 270,830 a year from 1 July 2026; the calculator charges it on the whole salary. Unused concessional cap from the previous five years can be carried forward by people with a total super balance under 500,000; that is not modelled.

    How we checked these figures

    The ATO pages refuse automated fetching; the 2026-27 caps (32,500 concessional, 130,000 non-concessional), the 12% guarantee, the 15% contributions tax and the Division 293 threshold were read from the ATO's own published text through search results, and should be re-read on the pages at the next review.

  6. Ireland: pension tax relief limits and auto-enrolment, 2026

    Revenue: Tax relief limits on pension contributions; Revenue: Tax relief for pension contributions; gov.ie: MyFutureFund contribution examples for employees; gov.ie: MyFutureFund employer handbook.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    MyFutureFund, the auto-enrolment scheme, began on 1 January 2026 at 1.5% from the employee, 1.5% from the employer and 0.5% from the State, rising to 3/3/1 in 2029, 4.5/4.5/1.5 in 2032 and 6/6/2 in 2035. Its eligibility (employees aged 23 to 60 earning over 20,000 with no workplace pension) is the scheme's published design and was not confirmed on an official page on this review.

    How we checked these figures

    Age-related limits and the 115,000 earnings cap read from Revenue. MyFutureFund rates and the 80,000 earnings cap from gov.ie, read through search text because the pages refuse automated fetching.

  7. Netherlands: jaarruimte for lijfrente premiums, 2026

    Belastingdienst: Overzicht cijfers leven 2026; Belastingdienst: Jaarruimte en reserveringsruimte.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Jaarruimte for 2026 is 30% of the premiegrondslag less 6.27 times factor A from the previous year's pension statement (UPO). The premiegrondslag is last year's income up to 137,800 less the AOW franchise of 19,172, so at most 118,628, and the jaarruimte at most 35,589. Unused room from earlier years (reserveringsruimte, up to 42,753) is not modelled. The calculator takes this year's salary as last year's income.

    How we checked these figures

    Formula and amounts read from the Belastingdienst figures PDF for 2026; the PDF splits labels from amounts, and the amounts were matched by their arithmetic (137,800 less 19,172 is 118,628).

  8. New Zealand: KiwiSaver contributions and government contribution, 2026-27

    Inland Revenue: KiwiSaver changes; Inland Revenue: Employee contributions to KiwiSaver; Inland Revenue: Employer superannuation contribution tax; Inland Revenue IR340: PAYE deduction tables, April 2026.

    Effective 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The default rate for employees and employers rose from 3% to 3.5% on 1 April 2026 and rises to 4% on 1 April 2028. The government contribution year runs from July to June; the calculator applies it to a year of contributions.

    How we checked these figures

    Rates and the government contribution read from Inland Revenue's KiwiSaver changes page. ESCT bands from the IR340 of April 2026 as published in search text. No Inland Revenue page read says in so many words that employee contributions earn no relief; they are deducted from pay after PAYE is worked out, which is what the take-home engine does.

  9. Sweden: salary exchange into occupational pension, and ISK, 2026

    Skatteverket: Belopp och procent 2026; Skatteverket: Avdrag för pensionssparande.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Since 2016 an employee with occupational pension rights cannot deduct private pension savings (IPS); the deduction remains only for people without such rights and for business income. What is current for an employee is salary exchange (löneväxling): gross salary given up for an employer pension premium, on which the employer pays the 24.26% special payroll tax instead of 31.42% employer contributions. Pay below 8.07 income base amounts (673,038 in 2026) earns less state pension, so exchanges are usually made only from pay above it. ISK has no relief: it is taxed each year at 30% of a standard return of 3.55% of the capital above 300,000.

    How we checked these figures

    Base amounts, the 8.07 threshold, both payroll tax rates and the ISK figures read on Skatteverket's 2026 page. The 2016 change was read only in search text of Skatteverket's deduction page.

  10. India: NPS and provident fund contributions, 2026-27

    Income Tax Department: Income-tax Act 2025, section 124; Income Tax Department: Income-tax Act 2025, section 123; EPFO: Frequently asked questions; Income Tax Department: Taxability of retirement benefits.

    Effective 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The Income-tax Act 2025 took effect on 1 April 2026 and renumbered the reliefs: section 80C is now section 123 (1.5 lakh in all), 80CCD(1B) is section 124(3) (an extra 50,000 for your own NPS contribution) and 80CCD(2), for the employer's NPS contribution, is section 124(1). Under the new regime (section 202) only the employer's contribution is relieved. Interest on your own provident fund contributions above 2.5 lakh a year is taxable.

    How we checked these figures

    Section numbers and amounts from the Income Tax Department's pages on the 2025 Act, read through search text because the pages refuse automated fetching. That section 124(3) is unavailable under the new regime follows the old law's rule and was not confirmed in the new Act's text.

  11. Sri Lanka: EPF and ETF contributions, 2026-27

    Central Bank of Sri Lanka: Employees' Provident Fund; Employees' Trust Fund Board; EPF: Interest rates; Inland Revenue Department: APIT tax table 1, 2025-26.

    Effective 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    APIT is worked out on gross remuneration with only the personal relief built in, so the employee's EPF contribution does not reduce it. The EPF declared 10.75% interest for 2025.

    How we checked these figures

    Contribution rates from the Central Bank (which administers the EPF) and the ETF Board, read through search text. No IRD page states in so many words that EPF earns no relief; the APIT tables allow no deduction beyond the personal relief, which is the basis for modelling none.

  12. Finland: deduction for voluntary pension savings, 2026

    Vero: Pitkäaikaissäästämissopimuksen ja vapaaehtoisen yksilöllisen eläkevakuutuksen verotus; Vero: Deductions from capital income.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Premiums to a voluntary individual pension insurance or a long-term savings contract (PS-tili) are deductible up to 5,000 a year, or 2,500 where the employer also pays premiums to an individual policy for you. They are deducted from capital income; where you have none, 30% of the deduction is credited against your earned-income taxes as a deficit credit (alijäämähyvitys). The calculator assumes no capital income, so the relief is the 30% credit, limited to the earned-income tax you pay. Withdrawals start at 68 to 70 depending on year of birth and are taxed as capital income.

    How we checked these figures

    The 5,000 and 2,500 limits from Vero's detailed guidance (VH/173/00.01.00/2021); the 30% credit from Vero's capital income deductions page, updated 1 January 2026.

  13. Japan: iDeCo contribution limits and NISA, 2026

    MHLW: iDeCo contribution limit increase; iDeCo official site: Notice on the December 2026 contribution limits; iDeCo official site: Guide; Financial Services Agency: The new NISA.

    Effective 1 December 2024 to 30 November 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Due for a check.

    The limits shown apply until November 2026. From December 2026 contributions (debited in January 2027) an employee may contribute up to 62,000 a month less any corporate pension contribution, and a self-employed person 75,000; a member must file a change to contribute more. The civil servant limit of 20,000 was read only in a search summary.

    How we checked these figures

    Current and December 2026 limits read in the MHLW and iDeCo official PDFs. NISA limits from the FSA. That the deduction does not reduce social insurance premiums is the general rule (premiums are set on pay) rather than a statement read on this review.

  14. France: PER deduction ceiling for contributions paid in 2026

    Service-public.fr: Plan d'épargne retraite (PER), déduction des versements; Article 163 quatervicies CGI; Arrêté du 22 décembre 2025 portant fixation du plafond de la sécurité sociale pour 2026.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    For contributions paid in 2026 the ceiling is 10% of 2025 net professional income, at most 37,680 (10% of eight times the 2025 PASS of 47,100) and at least 4,710. It is reduced by employer and compulsory pension contributions and raised by unused ceilings of the five previous years, which the loi de finances 2026 extended from three; your own figure is on your avis d'impôt. From 2026 contributions made from age 70 are no longer deductible. The calculator takes this year's net taxable income as last year's.

    How we checked these figures

    Ceiling, floor, carry-forward and the age-70 rule read on service-public.fr (checked by the site on 12 October 2026). The article of the CGI was not read directly.

  15. Spain: pension plan contribution limits, 2026

    Ley 35/2006 del IRPF, artículo 52 (BOE, texto consolidado); Agencia Tributaria: Reducciones por aportaciones a sistemas de previsión social.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 18 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The reduction is the lower of 1,500 a year and 30% of net work and business income. It rises by up to 8,500 (10,000 in all) for employer contributions to an employment plan, and for the employee's own contributions to that plan up to an amount set by the employer's: 2.5 times it up to 500, then 1,250 plus a quarter of the excess up to 1,500, then equal to it; equal to it whenever pay from that employer exceeds 60,000. The 30% limit bites only below 5,000 of net income and is not modelled. The reduction lowers the annual IRPF liability; it does not change the payroll retención.

    How we checked these figures

    Limits and the coefficient table read in the consolidated text of article 52 on the BOE.

  16. US federal income tax and FICA, tax year 2026

    IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 inflation adjustments); IRS, One, Big, Beautiful Bill provisions; SSA, 2026 Social Security wage base.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 28 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Federal only. Standard deduction reflects the One Big Beautiful Bill Act as adjusted for 2026. State income tax is not modelled.

  17. UK income tax (rUK and Scotland), Class 1 National Insurance and student loans, 2026/27

    GOV.UK, Rates and thresholds for employers 2026 to 2027; GOV.UK, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances; GOV.UK, Repaying your student loan: what you pay.

    Effective 6 April 2026 to 5 April 2027. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Income tax for England, Wales and Northern Ireland and, separately, the six Scottish bands. Employee Class 1 National Insurance at 8% between the primary threshold and upper earnings limit and 2% above. Personal allowance, band thresholds and NI thresholds remain frozen at 2025/26 levels. Pension contributions are modelled for the three payroll methods (relief at source, net pay and salary sacrifice), and student loan repayments for Plans 1, 2, 4, 5 and postgraduate. Marriage allowance, blind person's allowance, benefits in kind and NI categories other than A are not modelled.

  18. Germany: Lohnsteuer (BMF Programmablaufplan 2026), Solidaritätszuschlag, Kirchensteuer and social insurance 2026

    BMF, Programmablaufplan für die maschinelle Berechnung der Lohnsteuer 2026 (12 Nov 2025); § 32a EStG, Einkommensteuertarif; BMF-Schreiben, Vorsorgepauschale im Lohnsteuerabzugsverfahren ab 2026 (14 Aug 2025); Sozialversicherungs-Rechengrößenverordnung 2026; GKV-Spitzenverband, Faktenblatt Rechengrößen und Beitragssätze 2026; Kirchensteuer-Hebesätze der Länder.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Employee payroll withholding (Lohnsteuer) for tax classes I to VI following the official BMF algorithm, including the 2026 Vorsorgepauschale, Solidaritätszuschlag with Freigrenze and Milderungszone, church tax by Land, and the four statutory insurance branches with the nationwide contribution ceiling. Minijob and Midijob (Übergangsbereich) rules applied when monthly pay is at or below the thresholds. Altersentlastungsbetrag, Versorgungsbezüge and annual assessment items (Kappung of church tax, Sonderausgaben beyond the flat amount) are not modelled.

  19. Canada: federal and provincial payroll deductions, CPP, CPP2 and EI, 2026

    CRA, T4127 Payroll Deductions Formulas (123rd edition, July 2026); CRA, Federal tax rates and income thresholds, current year; CRA, CPP contribution rates, maximums and exemptions; ESDC, 2026 Employment Insurance premium rate; Revenu Québec, Employers' principal changes for 2026; Ontario, Health premium rates.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Follows the CRA T4127 payroll formula: the enhanced CPP/QPP contribution and CPP2/QPP2 are deducted from income before tax, while the base contribution and EI are non-refundable credits at the lowest rate. Includes the federal basic personal amount clawback, the Ontario surtax, tax reduction and health premium, the Quebec 16.5% federal abatement with QPP and QPIP, and the Northwest Territories and Nunavut 2% employee payroll tax. Employer-only levies (EHT, FSS, HAPSET) are excluded from take-home and shown as employer cost. Credits other than the basic personal amount, the Canada employment amount and the CPP/EI credits are not modelled.

    How we checked these figures

    Reference vectors reproduce a T4127 implementation cross-checked against third-party engines; CRA's PDOC cannot be scripted, so figures were verified against published rate tables rather than PDOC itself.

  20. Australia: individual income tax, Medicare levy, LITO, HELP and superannuation, 2026-27

    ATO, Tax rates for Australian residents; ATO, Medicare levy reduction for low-income earners; ATO, Medicare levy surcharge income thresholds and rates; ATO, Study and training support loans rates and repayment thresholds; ATO, Super guarantee percentage; ATO: income tests, including reportable super contributions in MLS and HELP repayment income.

    Effective 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Financial year 2026-27, in which the second marginal rate falls from 16% to 15%. Covers resident, foreign-resident and working-holiday-maker scales, the Medicare levy with its low-income phase-in, the Medicare levy surcharge for people without private hospital cover, the low income tax offset and compulsory HELP repayments. Medicare levy family thresholds, SAPTO, Division 293 and offsets other than LITO are not modelled; superannuation is reported separately because it is paid on top of salary rather than deducted from it.

  21. Ireland: income tax, USC and PRSI Class A, 2026

    Revenue, Tax rates, bands and reliefs (2026 chart); Revenue, USC standard rates and thresholds; Revenue, Employee (PAYE) Tax Credit; Department of Social Protection, PRSI contribution rates SW14 (January 2026).

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    PAYE employees on Class A PRSI. The employee PRSI rate rises from 4.2% to 4.35% on 1 October 2026, so a full tax year is charged at the composite rate of 4.2375% used by the Budget calculators. Married two-income cases allocate the lower earner's income against the couple's band first, which is Revenue's default. Rent, mortgage-interest, home-carer and other optional credits, benefit in kind, and the self-employed USC surcharge are not modelled.

    How we checked these figures

    Employer PRSI: 9.15% on weekly earnings up to 552 euro and 11.4% above, the rates from 1 October 2026 (Department of Social Protection SW14, January 2026). The 552 euro limit was corrected on 2026-10-19 from 441 euro, the limit that applied before 2024.

  22. Netherlands: box 1 wage tax, national insurance and tax credits, 2026

    Belastingdienst, Box 1 tarieven; Belastingdienst, Tabel algemene heffingskorting 2026; Belastingdienst, Tabel arbeidskorting 2026; Topinkomens.nl, Algemeen bezoldigingsmaximum 2026 vastgesteld op 262.000 euro; Business.gov.nl, The 30% facility for incoming employees.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Box 1 employment income. The first-bracket rate of 35.75% is 8.10% wage tax plus 27.65% national insurance premiums (AOW, Anw and Wlz); above AOW age the AOW premium falls away, leaving 17.85%. The general tax credit and the labour tax credit are applied as credits against the tax due, which is why net pay rises more slowly than gross between roughly 30,000 and 78,000 euro. Holiday allowance of 8% is handled by the 'included in salary' switch. Income-dependent healthcare contributions paid by the employer, box 2 and box 3 income, mortgage interest relief and the income-dependent combination credit are not modelled.

    How we checked these figures

    Bracket boundaries, the general tax credit table and the full labour tax credit table were read directly from the Belastingdienst pages listed above. The 30% ruling salary cap is the 2026 WNT maximum of 262,000 euro, corrected on 2026-10-19 from the 2025 figure of 246,000.

  23. New Zealand: PAYE, ACC earners' levy, KiwiSaver and student loan, 2026-27

    Inland Revenue, Deductions from salary and wages; Inland Revenue, Independent earner tax credit (IETC); Inland Revenue, Changes to the KiwiSaver contribution rate; MBIE, Setting the average ACC levy rates for 2025-26 to 2027-28.

    Effective 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Tax year 2026-27. Two things changed on 1 April 2026: the ACC earners' levy rose to 1.75% with a higher maximum liable earnings, and the default KiwiSaver employee rate rose from 3% to 3.5% (rising again to 4% in April 2028). Working for Families, secondary tax codes, ESCT on the employer's KiwiSaver contribution, child support deductions and the end-of-year square-up are not modelled.

    How we checked these figures

    Bands and thresholds are the published Inland Revenue figures; vectors are computed from them and should be re-checked against the IRD PAYE calculator when it is updated for 2026-27.

  24. Sweden: municipal and state income tax, grundavdrag and jobbskatteavdrag, 2026

    Skatteverket, Teknisk beskrivning SKV 433 utgåva 36, inkomstår 2026; Skatteverket, Kommunala skattesatser 2026; SCB, Totala kommunala skattesatser 2026; Skatteverket, Arbetsgivaravgifter.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Income year 2026. The formulas for grundavdrag, jobbskatteavdrag, the state tax threshold and the employment-income credit are taken verbatim from Skatteverket's technical description SKV 433. The high-income taper of the jobbskatteavdrag is abolished for 2026, so it plateaus rather than phasing out. Employees pay no visible social contributions in Sweden: the allmän pensionsavgift is levied at 7% and then credited back in full, so it is shown and cancelled rather than omitted. Only the under-66 tables are modelled; the enhanced tables for people aged 66 and over, ROT and RUT, commuting and interest deductions, and SINK for non-residents are not.

    How we checked these figures

    A representative set of municipal rates is shipped rather than all 290: the totals below are from SCB and Skatteverket, but the kommun and region split published by secondary sources looked inconsistent, so only the totals, which are what the calculation needs, are stored.

  25. India: income tax under the new and old regimes, EPF and professional tax, FY 2026-27

    Income Tax Department, tax rates; Income Tax Department, official tax calculator; EPFO, contribution rates.

    Effective 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Financial year 2026-27 (assessment year 2027-28). The Union Budget 2026 left the slabs, cess, surcharge and the section 87A rebate unchanged from the Budget 2025 settings, so the same rates also apply to FY 2025-26. Salary is assumed to be the annual gross rather than CTC, which additionally contains the employer's own contributions. HRA exemption, perquisite valuation, employer contributions above the taxable threshold, and the ESI contribution-period continuation rule are not modelled. Professional tax is modelled only for the states whose Acts were verified; other states are treated as nil and say so.

    How we checked these figures

    Slabs, rebate, surcharge and cess are the published statutory figures. Vectors are computed from them and should be re-checked against the department's own calculator, which is linked above.

  26. Sri Lanka: APIT (PAYE) and EPF, year of assessment 2026/27

    Inland Revenue Department, tax chart Y/A 2025/2026; Inland Revenue Department, APIT tax tables; KPMG, Sri Lanka Budget 2026 tax proposals.

    Effective 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    The rate table published for Y/A 2025/2026 carries into 2026/27: the Budget 2026 contained no personal income tax or APIT proposals. Personal relief is 1,800,000 rupees a year, raised from 1,200,000, and the 12% band that existed in earlier years was removed. Only primary employment on Table 01 is modelled: secondary employment, terminal benefits, gratuity, lump sums and non-cash benefits use separate tables and are excluded, as are rent relief and solar relief, which are annual-return items.

    How we checked these figures

    APIT is computed on gross remuneration, without deducting the employee's own 8% EPF contribution. Payroll vendors differ on this point; the Inland Revenue Act taxes employment income gross and Table 01 takes monthly regular profits from employment as its input, so that is the reading implemented here, and it is stated on the tool page so a user can see the assumption.

  27. Finland: state and municipal income tax, contributions and the work income credit, 2026

    Laki vuoden 2026 tuloveroasteikosta 1140/2025; Verohallinto, Veroperusteet 2026; Verohallinto, Kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosentit vuonna 2026 (VH/6585/00.01.00/2025); Verohallinto, Verotettavan tulon laskeminen henkiloverotuksessa; Elaketurvakeskus, Tyoelakemaksut vuonna 2026; Tyollisyysrahasto, Vuoden 2026 tyottomyysvakuutusmaksut on vahvistettu.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Tax year 2026. Three things changed on 1 January 2026 and each breaks anything calibrated on 2025: the earnings-related pension contribution became a flat 7.30% for every age, so the higher 8.65% band for ages 53 to 62 is gone; the unemployment contribution rose from 0.59% to 0.89%; and the work income credit now tapers only between 35,000 and 50,550 euro, after which it stops falling and plateaus at 3,119 euro instead of phasing out. The state scale also lost the temporary top bracket, leaving five. The 12.64% first bracket starting at zero is not an error: it is the share the 2023 wellbeing-services-county reform moved off municipal rates onto the state. Trade union fees, the work-room deduction and the bicycle benefit exemption ceased to be deductible in 2026 and are not modelled. Also not modelled: Aland, which has its own municipal rates and no broadcasting tax; commuting costs; the household deduction; capital income; and the increases to the household deduction and the cut to the commuting own-liability that were proposed in June 2026 but had not been enacted when this dataset was retrieved, so the standing law is what is stored.

    How we checked these figures

    Nine municipal rates ship rather than all 309: the national weighted average plus the largest cities and the two extremes. Vero publishes the full list only as a large decision document and the church rates only per parish, so the totals that the calculation needs are stored and choosing the average warns the user. Church rates are the parishes' own published figures; Turku is stored at the 1.20% its parish publishes, since an older secondary report of 1.25% was a proposal rather than the confirmed rate. The engine is pinned to Veronmaksajat's published 2026 net-pay table, which is computed at the 7.57% weighted average municipal rate and the 1.38% membership-weighted church rate; all seven of its salary points reproduce to within one euro.

  28. Japan: income tax, the reconstruction surtax, inhabitant tax and social insurance, 2026

    National Tax Agency, Reiwa 8 tax reform: the increase in the basic deduction; National Tax Agency, No.1410 employment income deduction; National Tax Agency, No.2260 income tax rates; National Tax Agency, No.1130 social insurance premium deduction; Japan Health Insurance Association, FY2026 premium rates by prefecture; Japan Health Insurance Association, child-rearing support levy rate; Japan Pension Service, employees pension insurance premiums; Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, individual inhabitant tax.

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Calendar year 2026. Three parameter vintages are live in Japan at once and mixing them is the usual error: income tax here uses the Reiwa 8 reform, which raised the employment income deduction minimum to 740,000 yen and the basic deduction to 1,040,000 yen, and not the Reiwa 7 figures still shown on some older National Tax Agency pages. The reconstruction surtax of 2.1% still applies; from 2027 it falls to 1.1% and a 1% defence surtax replaces the difference, leaving the combined 2.1% multiplier unchanged. There is no fixed-amount tax cut in 2026: that was a one-off for 2024. The child-rearing support levy of 0.23%, new from April 2026, is included and is the item most often missing from a calculator ported from FY2025. Inhabitant tax is legally charged on the previous calendar year's income and collected from June to May; this models it on the current year on a steady-state assumption, which is right for someone whose pay is stable and wrong in the year they start work, change income sharply or leave Japan. Not modelled: bonuses as a separate base, so the annual salary is spread evenly over twelve months and the separate bonus caps never bind; the spouse deduction and the age categories of the dependant deduction, so every dependant is treated as a general dependant; municipalities that levy above the standard rate; the non-taxable thresholds for grade 2 and grade 3 municipalities, only grade 1 being modelled; and workers accident compensation insurance, which is rated by industry.

    How we checked these figures

    Premiums are computed on actual monthly remuneration clamped to the statutory floors and caps rather than on the standard remuneration grade tables, which the two insurers publish only as PDF and spreadsheet files. Within a grade the error is bounded by the width of one band and the caps, which is where the money is, are modelled exactly. The engine is pinned to the authorities' own component figures rather than to any end-to-end table, because no Japanese authority publishes one: the National Tax Agency worked example of 974,000 yen of tax on 7,000,000 of taxable income, the association's Tokyo premiums at a 300,000 standard monthly remuneration, and the 1,780,000 yen threshold at which the reformed deductions cancel out to zero tax. Payroll vendors do publish gross-to-net tables but disagree with each other by up to 8% at higher salaries, so none is used as an oracle.

  29. France: cotisations salariales, CSG and CRDS, and the 2026 income tax barème

    Service-Public, Bareme de l impot sur le revenu 2026 (F1419); BOFiP ACTU-2026-00022, indexation du bareme, loi n 2026-103 du 19 fevrier 2026; BOFiP BOI-IR-LIQ-20-20-20, plafonnement du quotient familial; BOFiP BOI-IR-LIQ-20-20-30, decote; Service-Public, frais professionnels: deduction forfaitaire ou frais reels (F1989); URSSAF, plafond annuel de la securite sociale; AGIRC-ARRCO, cotisations au regime en 2026; Legifrance, article 1657 CGI (regles d arrondi).

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    Income tax is the bareme for 2026 as indexed by 0.9% by the loi de finances pour 2026 (loi n 2026-103 du 19 fevrier 2026, article 4). The PASS is 48,060 euro. Contribution rates are the 2026 figures for the regime general. The engine computes the annual income tax liability rather than the monthly prelevement a la source, because the withholding rate is set by the tax authority from a previous return and cannot be derived from a salary alone; the annual figure is what the year settles to. Not modelled: the prelevement a la source rate grids, which changed on 1 May 2026 and differ again for the overseas departments; frais reels in place of the 10% abatement; the contribution exceptionnelle and the contribution differentielle sur les hauts revenus, both of which are assessed annually rather than withheld and start above 250,000 euro of reference income; the reduction generale degressive on employer contributions, so the employer cost shown is the full rate; and the prevoyance and retraite supplementaire schemes, whose rates are set employer by employer. Complementary health cover is a user input rather than a rate, because the law requires the employer to offer and half-fund a scheme but sets no rate; the employee share is deducted from pay and, since 2014, is not deductible from taxable income, which is how it is treated here. Sources disagreed on the 10% abatement floor and ceiling: 495 and 14,171 euro circulate widely but are the 2023 figures, and 509 and 14,555 are the ones for 2025 income taxed in 2026.

    How we checked these figures

    No French authority publishes a gross-to-net table; impots.gouv.fr and URSSAF publish interactive simulators instead. The bareme is pinned to the worked example on service-public.gouv.fr, which takes 30,000 euro of net taxable income at one part to 2,103.99 euro of tax, with the full 11% bracket worth exactly 1,977.69. The decote parameters are cross-checked against their own algebraic break-even points, 897 / 0.4525 = 1,982 and 1,483 / 0.4525 = 3,277, both of which the published ceilings match. Contribution rates could not be read from urssaf.fr, which refused connections, so AGIRC-ARRCO rates come from the federation's own schedule and the social security rates from LegiSocial's reproduction of the 2026 URSSAF table; they are unchanged from 2025 in every source consulted. The annual SMIC of 21,876 euro (12.02 euro an hour at 1 January 2026, times 151.67 hours, times 12) sets the 2.5 SMIC threshold for the employer health rate; it was corrected on 2026-10-19 from 17,094, which is Spain's minimum wage.

  30. Spain: IRPF state and autonomous scales, social security and the 2026 withholding algorithm

    AEAT, Algoritmo de calculo del tipo de retencion, ejercicio 2026; AEAT, Manual practico Renta 2025: gravamen estatal (art. 63 LIRPF); AEAT, Manual practico Renta 2025: gravamen autonomico, one page per community; BOE-A-2026-7296, Orden PJC/297/2026 de cotizacion para 2026; BOE-A-2026-3815, Real Decreto 126/2026, salario minimo interprofesional 2026; AEAT, nota informativa sobre el Real Decreto-ley 5/2026 (deduccion DA 61 LIRPF).

    Effective 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2026. Retrieved 29 August 2026. Within its effective period.

    The 2026 budget was not approved and 2025's is prorogued, so the year's payroll parameters were legislated by decree instead: Orden PJC/297/2026 sets the contribution bases and rates, Real Decreto 126/2026 the minimum wage of 17,094 euro, and Real Decreto-ley 5/2026 the new work income deduction. The state scale and the withholding scale are unchanged since 2021 and the personal and family minimum since 2015. Spain produces two different figures for the same salary: the payslip withholds a retencion on a single national scale that ignores the autonomous community, while the annual return charges the state scale plus the community's own. Both are computed here; the headline is the annual liability and the retencion is quoted alongside it. Not modelled: the four foral territories, Alava, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Navarra, which levy IRPF under their own Concierto or Convenio with entirely separate tariffs, deductions and withholding tables, and which AEAT does not administer; the employer accident and occupational illness premium, which is a per-activity tariff with no single rate; joint filing, which does not exist in the withholding algorithm at all; disability minimums and the geographic mobility increase; income other than employment income; and Ceuta and Melilla. The 2026 minimum wage is widely reported as free of income tax, and it is, but only through the annual deduction below: a single minimum-wage earner with no children is still above the withholding threshold and has tax deducted every month, then recovers it.

    How we checked these figures

    AEAT publishes no static worked example, only an interactive withholding service, so the engine is pinned to the published algorithm rather than to an oracle: the two-scale subtraction, the 43% cap that binds below 35,200 euro, and the truncation of the withholding rate to two decimals. Both computations were checked independently at 20,000 euro of salary in Madrid, giving a retencion of 1,772.00 at a rate of 8.86% and an annual liability of 1,915.61 before the new deduction, and the engine reproduces both to the cent. Community scales are the AEAT-published tables for tax year 2025, which is the most recent consolidated set: AEAT publishes a year's scales only once that year has closed, so where a community has not legislated a change the same table remains in force, and the tax year of each is recorded so the results can say which they are.

  31. United States consumer finance conventions

    Social Security Administration: full retirement age; Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: the minimum payment warning on a credit card statement; Regulation Z, Appendix J: APR computations for closed-end credit; Regulation Z, 12 CFR 1026.22: determination of annual percentage rate; NCUA: loan interest rate ceiling.

    Effective 1 January 2022 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Vehicle sales tax is set by state and locality, so the rate here is representative rather than exact.

    How we checked these figures

    Social Security full retirement age is 67 for those born in 1960 or later.

  32. United Kingdom consumer finance conventions

    GOV.UK: State Pension age; FCA Handbook CONC 6.7: post-contract business; FCA Handbook, CONC App 1.2: total charge for credit and APR; FCA Handbook, CONC 5A: high-cost short-term credit cost cap.

    Effective 1 August 2026 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The State Pension age began rising from 66 to 67 in 2026.

    How we checked these figures

    CONC 6.7.5 sets the minimum repayment floor at interest plus charges plus 1% of the principal.

  33. German consumer finance conventions

    Deutsche Rentenversicherung: Regelaltersrente; Preisangabenverordnung (PAngV 2022) § 16; PAngV 2022, Anlage: calculation of the effektiver Jahreszins; BGB § 138: Sittenwidriges Rechtsgeschaeft; Wucher.

    Effective 28 May 2022 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    In force from 28 May 2022, when PAngV 2022 took effect. The retirement age reaches 67 in stages; 67 applies fully to those born from 1964, who reach it in 2031, and is the age this dataset uses.

    How we checked these figures

    Deutsche Rentenversicherung publishes 67 as the standard retirement age for cohorts born in 1964 and later.

  34. Canadian consumer finance conventions

    Government of Canada: CPP retirement pension; Financial Consumer Agency of Canada: paying off your credit card; Criminal Code, s. 347: criminal interest rate; Financial Consumer Protection Framework Regulations (SOR/2021-181).

    Effective 1 January 2019 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Sales tax on a vehicle is provincial, so the rate here is representative.

    How we checked these figures

    The standard CPP retirement age is 65, with an actuarial reduction from 60 and an increase to 70.

  35. Australian consumer finance conventions

    Services Australia: Age Pension age; Moneysmart: credit card calculator; National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009, Schedule 1 (National Credit Code); National Consumer Credit Protection Regulations 2010.

    Effective 1 July 2023 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Superannuation preservation age is separate from and lower than the Age Pension age.

    How we checked these figures

    The Age Pension age has been 67 for everyone born on or after 1 January 1957 since 1 July 2023.

  36. Irish consumer finance conventions

    Citizens Information: State Pension (Contributory); Consumer Credit (Amendment) Act 2022: moneylender cost caps; S.I. No. 137 of 2024: credit union interest rate ceiling.

    Effective 1 January 2021 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The scheduled increase in the State Pension age was cancelled, leaving it at 66.

    How we checked these figures

    Citizens Information publishes 66 as the State Pension age, with a deferral option to 70.

  37. Dutch consumer finance conventions

    SVB: AOW pension age; Rijksoverheid: maximum credit compensation; Staatsblad 2022, 243: maximum kredietvergoeding; Rijksoverheid: hoogte wettelijke rente.

    Effective 1 January 2024 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The AOW age moves with life expectancy and is announced five years ahead.

    How we checked these figures

    The maximum credit compensation is set by decree at the statutory interest rate plus 8 percentage points.

  38. New Zealand consumer finance conventions

    Work and Income: New Zealand Superannuation; Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act 2003; FMA: interest charges fact sheet.

    Effective 1 April 2001 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    New Zealand Superannuation is paid from 65 regardless of contributions or means.

    How we checked these figures

    Work and Income publishes 65 as the qualifying age for New Zealand Superannuation.

  39. Swedish consumer finance conventions

    Pensionsmyndigheten: pension ages; SFS 2024:1238: amendment to konsumentkreditlagen (interest and cost caps); Sveriges Riksbank: reference rate; Prop. 2025/26:223: new Consumer Credit Act.

    Effective 1 January 2026 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Sweden replaced a fixed pension age with a target age that moves with life expectancy.

    How we checked these figures

    Pensionsmyndigheten publishes the target retirement age, which is 66 for 2026.

  40. Indian consumer finance conventions

    Reserve Bank of India: credit card and debit card directions; RBI: Key Facts Statement for loans and advances (RBI/2024-25/18).

    Effective 1 July 2022 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    Road tax rates and the retirement age both vary by state and by employer.

    How we checked these figures

    The Reserve Bank requires issuers to disclose the annualised rate but sets no ceiling on it.

  41. Sri Lankan consumer finance conventions

    Central Bank of Sri Lanka: interest rates on credit cards; Minimum Retirement Age of Workers Act No. 28 of 2021; CBSL Financial Consumer Protection Regulations No. 1 of 2023; Gazette Extraordinary 2380/01 (15 April 2024).

    Effective 1 October 2021 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The Central Bank's card interest ceiling changes with monetary policy, so confirm the current figure.

    How we checked these figures

    The Minimum Retirement Age of Workers Act 2021 sets 60 as the minimum retirement age in the private sector.

  42. Finnish consumer finance conventions

    Finnish Centre for Pensions: retirement ages; Ministry of Justice: interest rate cap on consumer credit; Kuluttajansuojalaki 38/1978, chapter 7 § 17 a; Bank of Finland: reference rate for 1 July to 31 December 2026.

    Effective 1 October 2023 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The pension age is tied to life expectancy for cohorts born from 1965.

    How we checked these figures

    The Finnish Centre for Pensions publishes 65 as the lowest old-age pension age for those born in 1962 or later.

  43. Japanese consumer finance conventions

    Japan Pension Service: old-age pensions; Interest Rate Restriction Act; Interest Rate Restriction Act (Act No. 100 of 1954); Money Lending Business Act Enforcement Regulation (APR formula).

    Effective 18 June 2010 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The interest ceiling steps down as the balance rises: 20% below 100,000 yen, 18% to a million, 15% above.

    How we checked these figures

    The Interest Rate Restriction Act sets a ceiling of 15% to 20% depending on the principal.

  44. French consumer finance conventions

    Service-public.fr: age de depart a la retraite; Banque de France: taux d'usure; Banque de France: taux d'usure, fourth quarter 2026; Code de la consommation, articles L314-6 to L314-9.

    Effective 1 September 2023 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The 2023 reform sets the legal age at 64 for those born from 1969. The LFSS 2026 froze its rise at 62 years and 9 months from 1 September 2026 until January 2028, so those born 1964 to 1968 retire between 62 years 9 months and 63 years 9 months.

    How we checked these figures

    The Banque de France publishes the taux d'usure quarterly; the legal retirement age is 64 under the 2023 reform.

  45. Spanish consumer finance conventions

    Seguridad Social: jubilacion ordinaria; Banco de Espana: tarjetas revolving; Ley 16/2011 de contratos de credito al consumo.

    Effective 1 January 2026 onward. Retrieved 17 October 2026. Within its effective period.

    The retirement age depends on the length of the contribution record as well as the year.

    How we checked these figures

    Seguridad Social publishes the ordinary retirement age as 66 years and 8 months in 2026, reaching 67 in 2027.

CentExactCalculator publisher

CentExact publishes the calculation method, worked examples and available data sources. Automated checks cover reference calculations; they do not certify a result for your circumstances or imply approval by a lender or tax authority.

How we build and test our calculators

Figures are estimates derived from published rates and rules, current at the review date shown at the top of this page and taken from the sources listed under Data sources on this page. Rates, fees and thresholds change; always confirm current values with the official source before relying on a result.